{"id":4899,"date":"2026-07-24T10:41:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T10:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/?p=4899"},"modified":"2026-07-24T10:47:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T10:47:12","slug":"energetska-suverenost-u-globalnom-drustvu-rizika-zasto-energija-vise-nije-samo-trzisno-pitanje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/2026\/07\/24\/energetska-suverenost-u-globalnom-drustvu-rizika-zasto-energija-vise-nije-samo-trzisno-pitanje\/","title":{"rendered":"Energetska suverenost u globalnom dru\u0161tvu rizika: za\u0161to energija vi\u0161e nije samo tr\u017ei\u0161no pitanje?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4899\" class=\"elementor elementor-4899\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-765585fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"765585fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20a387\" data-id=\"b20a387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a9a0e7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"55a9a0e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1431\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Hrvatski<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1432\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Hrvatski<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1431\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1431\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>Izv. prof. dr. sc. Vlaho Kova\u010devi\u0107<br \/>Filozofski fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Splitu<br \/>Katedra za sociologiju<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Mo\u017ee li dr\u017eava u 21. stolje\u0107u biti politi\u010dki suverena ako nije energetski suverena? Donedavno bi se na to pitanje odgovaralo prvenstveno ekonomskim argumentima. Danas je odgovor mnogo slo\u017eeniji. Ratovi, geopoliti\u010dke napetosti, klimatske promjene i poreme\u0107aji globalnih opskrbnih lanaca pokazali su da energija vi\u0161e nije samo tr\u017ei\u0161na roba nego strate\u0161ki resurs koji odre\u0111uje gospodarsku otpornost, politi\u010dku stabilnost i nacionalnu sigurnost.<\/p><p>Energetska kriza posljednjih godina promijenila je na\u010din na koji promatramo razvoj. Desetlje\u0107ima je prevladavala logika globalne u\u010dinkovitosti: energija se nabavlja ondje gdje je najjeftinija, proizvodnja se seli ondje gdje su tro\u0161kovi ni\u017ei, a me\u0111unarodna trgovina jam\u010di stabilnost opskrbe. Me\u0111utim, suvremene krize pokazale su koliko je takav model ranjiv. Dovoljna je jedna geopoliti\u010dka nestabilnost ili prekid klju\u010dnog opskrbnog pravca da posljedice osjete ku\u0107anstva, gospodarstvo i javne financije diljem svijeta.<\/p><p>Njema\u010dki sociolog Ulrich Beck jo\u0161 je prije vi\u0161e od dvadeset godina upozorio da ulazimo u globalno dru\u0161tvo rizika (World Risk Society). Prema Becku, moderna dru\u0161tva vi\u0161e ne proizvode samo bogatstvo i tehnolo\u0161ki napredak nego i nove rizike koji prelaze dr\u017eavne granice i koje vi\u0161e nije mogu\u0107e u potpunosti kontrolirati (Beck, 1992; 1999). Energetska sigurnost danas je jedan od najo\u010ditijih primjera takvih globalnih rizika. Lokalni sukob mo\u017ee izazvati poreme\u0107aje na svjetskim energetskim tr\u017ei\u0161tima, potaknuti inflaciju i usporiti gospodarski rast tisu\u0107ama kilometara dalje.<\/p><p>U takvom svijetu mijenja se i zna\u010denje energetske suverenosti. Ona ne zna\u010di zatvaranje nacionalnih gospodarstava niti odustajanje od me\u0111unarodne suradnje. Naprotiv, zna\u010di sposobnost dr\u017eave da kroz diverzifikaciju izvora energije, razvoj doma\u0107ih proizvodnih kapaciteta, ulaganje u obnovljive izvore i modernu infrastrukturu o\u010duva stabilnost \u010dak i u razdobljima globalnih poreme\u0107aja. Drugim rije\u010dima, naglasak se pomi\u010de s maksimalne u\u010dinkovitosti na dugoro\u010dnu otpornost.<\/p><p>Ovu promjenu mogu\u0107e je razumjeti i kroz teoriju strukturacije Anthonyja Giddensa. Dru\u0161tvene strukture nisu ne\u0161to \u0161to postoji izvan ljudi; one se svakodnevno stvaraju i odr\u017eavaju politi\u010dkim odlukama, gospodarskim strategijama i dru\u0161tvenim praksama (Giddens, 1984). Energetska politika stoga nije samo tehni\u010dko pitanje. Ona odra\u017eava vrijednosti jednog dru\u0161tva, njegov odnos prema razvoju, sigurnosti i odgovornosti prema budu\u0107im generacijama.<\/p><p>Beck pritom upozorava na jo\u0161 jedan va\u017ean fenomen \u2013 organiziranu neodgovornost. Globalni sustavi proizvode posljedice, ali odgovornost ostaje raspr\u0161ena izme\u0111u dr\u017eava, me\u0111unarodnih organizacija, tr\u017ei\u0161ta i velikih korporacija. Kada do\u0111e do energetske krize, posljedice snose gra\u0111ani i gospodarstvo, dok je odgovornost \u010desto te\u0161ko jasno odrediti. Upravo zato energetska sigurnost vi\u0161e ne mo\u017ee biti prepu\u0161tena isklju\u010divo tr\u017ei\u0161nim mehanizmima, nego zahtijeva aktivnu ulogu dr\u017eave, regulatornih institucija, znanstvene zajednice i me\u0111unarodne suradnje.<\/p><p>Za Hrvatsku ovo pitanje ima posebnu te\u017einu. Kao malo otvoreno gospodarstvo i \u010dlanica Europske unije, Hrvatska sudjeluje u zajedni\u010dkom europskom energetskom prostoru, ali istodobno mora razvijati vlastite kapacitete otpornosti. LNG terminal na Krku, razvoj obnovljivih izvora energije, modernizacija elektroenergetske mre\u017ee i ulaganja u energetsku u\u010dinkovitost predstavljaju vi\u0161e od infrastrukturnih projekata \u2013 oni postaju elementi dugoro\u010dne dru\u0161tvene sigurnosti i gospodarske konkurentnosti.<\/p><p>Energetska suverenost stoga nije samo pitanje proizvodnje elektri\u010dne energije ili opskrbe plinom. Ona postaje pokazatelj sposobnosti dru\u0161tva da upravlja rizicima, planira dugoro\u010dno i odgovorno oblikuje vlastiti razvoj. Upravo je to temeljna poruka Beckove teorije dru\u0161tva rizika: sigurnost u 21. stolje\u0107u vi\u0161e nije stanje koje se podrazumijeva, nego sposobnost dru\u0161tva da prepozna nove prijetnje, razvije otpornost i djeluje prije nego \u0161to kriza postane katastrofa.<\/p><p>U vremenu kada se globalna sigurnost sve vi\u0161e isprepli\u0107e s energetskom sigurno\u0161\u0107u, energetska suverenost postaje jedno od klju\u010dnih obilje\u017eja uspje\u0161nih i otpornih dru\u0161tava. Nije rije\u010d o povratku izolaciji, nego o izgradnji sustava koji \u0107e, unato\u010d globalnim neizvjesnostima, mo\u0107i osigurati stabilnost gospodarstva, za\u0161titu gra\u0111ana i odr\u017eivi razvoj.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><br \/>Literatura<\/p><p>Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage.<\/p><p>Beck, U. (1999). World Risk Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.<\/p><p>Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1432\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1432\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>Vlaho Kova\u010devi\u0107, PhD<br \/>Associate Professor.University of Split<br \/>Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6>Energy sovereignty in a global risk society: why energy is no longer just a market issue?<\/h6><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Can a state in the 21st century be politically sovereign if it is not energy sovereign? Until recently, this question would have been answered primarily with economic arguments. Today, the answer is much more complex. Wars, geopolitical tensions, climate change and disruptions in global supply chains have shown that energy is no longer just a market commodity but a strategic resource that determines economic resilience, political stability and national security.<\/p><p>The energy crisis of recent years has changed the way we look at development. For decades, the logic of global efficiency has prevailed: energy is sourced where it is cheapest, production is moved to where costs are lower, and international trade guarantees stability of supply. However, modern crises have shown how vulnerable such a model is. All it takes is one geopolitical instability or disruption of a key supply route for the consequences to be felt by households, economies and public finances around the world.<\/p><p>More than twenty years ago, the German sociologist Ulrich Beck warned that we are entering a global risk society (World Risk Society). According to Beck, modern societies no longer produce only wealth and technological progress, but also new risks that cross national borders and that can no longer be fully controlled (Beck, 1992; 1999). Energy security is today one of the most obvious examples of such global risks. A local conflict can cause disruptions in world energy markets, trigger inflation and slow economic growth thousands of kilometers away.<\/p><p>In such a world, the meaning of energy sovereignty is also changing. It does not mean the closure of national economies or giving up on international cooperation. On the contrary, it means the ability of a state to maintain stability even in times of global disruption through the diversification of energy sources, the development of domestic production capacities, investment in renewable sources and modern infrastructure. In other words, the emphasis is shifting from maximum efficiency to long-term resilience.<\/p><p>This change can also be understood through Anthony Giddens&#8217; theory of structuration. Social structures are not something that exists outside of people; they are created and maintained daily by political decisions, economic strategies and social practices (Giddens, 1984). Energy policy is therefore not just a technical issue. It reflects the values \u200b\u200bof a society, its attitude towards development, security and responsibility towards future generations.<\/p><p>Beck warns of another important phenomenon \u2013 organised irresponsibility. Global systems produce consequences, but responsibility remains dispersed between states, international organisations, markets and large corporations. When an energy crisis occurs, the consequences are borne by citizens and the economy, while responsibility is often difficult to clearly determine. This is precisely why energy security can no longer be left exclusively to market mechanisms, but requires the active role of the state, regulatory institutions, the scientific community and international cooperation.<\/p><p>For Croatia, this issue is of particular importance. As a small open economy and a member of the European Union, Croatia participates in the common European energy space, but at the same time must develop its own resilience capacities. The LNG terminal on Krk, the development of renewable energy sources, the modernisation of the electricity grid and investments in energy efficiency represent more than infrastructure projects \u2013 they become elements of long-term social security and economic competitiveness.<\/p><p>Energy sovereignty is therefore not only a matter of electricity production or gas supply. It becomes an indicator of society&#8217;s ability to manage risks, plan long-term and shape its own development responsibly. This is precisely the fundamental message of Beck&#8217;s theory of risk society: security in the 21st century is no longer a condition that is taken for granted, but the ability of society to recognize new threats, develop resilience and act before a crisis becomes a disaster.<\/p><p>At a time when global security is increasingly intertwined with energy security, energy sovereignty is becoming one of the key features of successful and resilient societies. It is not about a return to isolation, but about building a system that, despite global uncertainties, will be able to ensure the stability of the economy, protection of citizens and sustainable development.<\/p><p><br \/>Literature<\/p><p>Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage.<\/p><p>Beck, U. (1999). World Risk Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.<\/p><p>Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hrvatski English Hrvatski Izv. prof. dr. sc. Vlaho Kova\u010devi\u0107Filozofski fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u SplituKatedra za sociologiju \u00a0 Mo\u017ee li dr\u017eava u [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energetska-suverenost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4899"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4904,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4899\/revisions\/4904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interenef.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}